This is an extremely dangerous disease, with an unfavorable course leading to death. The virus affects the nervous system, so an infected person runs the risk of experiencing the severe consequences of the disease, including paralysis.

The problem is that not a single tick is recognized, whether it is infectious or just like that, to drink blood, sucked. Therefore, the onset of the disease, when the effectiveness of treatment is highest, is easy to miss.

You have to think more about how to protect yourself. There are few ways of protection: mass destruction, not letting them bite (that is, walking into forests and parks in closed clothes) or being vaccinated.

How the vaccine works

When a person becomes infected, the body begins to produce antibodies. These are specific proteins that must destroy a virus or bacterium. This process is not fast, so sometimes the virus manages to infect a large number of cells before the antibodies deal with it.

Any vaccine is invented so that these same antibodies appear in the blood. To do this, weakened or dead (as in the case of encephalitis) pathogens are introduced into the body. The disease does not develop from them, but antibodies appear. And when you have to face a real disease, the body destroys it, because the weapon is already at the ready. There are also vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis.

Important! Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis does not protect against bites and does not save against other diseases that ticks carry: borreliosis, babesiosis and others.

Therefore, even a vaccinated person must protect himself from ticks.

What can be vaccinated

If you live in an area with a high risk of infection, often walk in the forest or in the park, then it is worth vaccinating, because the activity of ticks can persist until the end of the warm season. Everyone else - to act at their own discretion.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination for adults

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination for adults

Tick-borne encephalitis is an infectious disease transmitted by ixodid ticks. The disease is accompanied by fever, inflammation and brain damage, leading to complications such as paralysis and disability. Infected insects are found throughout Russia, so vaccination should be carried out everywhere.

Vaccine cost

Prices for domestic and foreign drugs intended for immunization against tick-borne encephalitis are presented below.

* Preliminary examination is paid separately.

Indications for tick-borne encephalitis vaccination for adults

Vaccination is most relevant for the following groups:

• agricultural and forestry workers;
• geological prospectors, hydro reclamation specialists, specialists engaged in exploration work, who are and work in the habitats of ticks;
• hunters, fishermen, fans of outdoor recreation, lovers of hiking;
• summer residents whose plots are located near the forest;
• laboratory staff working with tick-borne encephalitis virus;
• donors immunized to obtain immunoglobulin.

When shouldn't the adult tick-borne encephalitis vaccine be given?

Absolute contraindications for vaccination are:

• allergy (especially to chicken protein);
• diabetes;
• tuberculosis;
• epilepsy;
• liver disease;
• tumors (including history);
• endocrine disorders;
• kidney infections;
• systemic connective tissue diseases;
• heart diseases;
• blood diseases.

Relative contraindications include: pregnancy, fever, recent viral, respiratory, meningococcal infections, hepatitis.

Features of vaccination

The vaccination schedule can be standard or accelerated, depending on the vaccine used and the person's plans. For example, standard immunization with EnceVir is carried out in two stages: primary vaccination, then revaccination after 5–7 months. The use of the "FSME-IMMUN" vaccine assumes repeated immunization in 1-3 months.

The accelerated scheme is used if a person is suddenly going on vacation or has an urgent business trip to an area with an increased risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis. On the appointed day, he receives a vaccination, revaccination (for example, with the EnceVir vaccine) is carried out after 14 days.

The standard time for immunization is early fall. Revaccination should be done every 3 years.

After vaccination, side effects may occur such as:

• redness and swelling at the injection site;
• headache, weakness;
• soreness and aches in the muscles;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• nausea.

In order to prevent side effects, it is recommended:

• be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis in a healthy state (after the last cold, 2-4 weeks should pass);
• take anti-allergic drugs before and after immunization (prior consultation with a doctor is recommended);
• take antipyretic drugs immediately after the injection.

How to sign up for a tick-borne encephalitis vaccine?

"Imromed" is a network of vaccination centers in Moscow, where you can get immunized. Reception of individuals is carried out in vaccination rooms. For organizations, we provide for the departure of the team to vaccinate employees on the spot. We use high quality domestic and foreign vaccines, strictly follow the rules of storage and transportation.

Damage to the nervous system, manifested in the form of seizures, delirium, movement disorders, in combination with severe headaches, high fever, weakness and nausea are the main signs of tick-borne encephalitis infection. The disease is caused by a virus that is transmitted to humans during an insect bite. Among the preventive measures and ways to prevent infection, the most effective are the use of protective equipment, special clothing, and regular body examinations. But none of the listed methods provide a guarantee of one hundred percent protection. The closest thing to achieving an ideal result is tick-borne encephalitis vaccination.

Indications for vaccination

Warnings about reactivation of encephalitis-carrying ticks and recommendations for protective and preventive measures often raise more questions than action. And if the need to use chemicals or protective clothing along with regular examinations does not raise any objections, then the question of the need for vaccination is asked with enviable regularity.

First of all, people are stopped by the probability:

• the development of the disease, even if it is mild;
• manifestations of possible reactions and side effects in response to the use of the vaccine;
• maintaining the need for protective measures when it comes to children;
• inconsistency of the results obtained, contrary to the guarantees provided for full protection against infection for three years.

The opinion of experts is unanimous: if a person lives in a region unfavorable in terms of encephalitis infection, often travels out of town for outdoor recreation or cannot imagine life without tourist travel, then vaccination is the only reliable way to avoid infection. In addition to outdoor enthusiasts, vaccinations against the effects of encephalitis tick bites are mandatory received:

• agricultural workers;
• people engaged in the performance of irrigation and drainage or construction work;
• geologists;
• foresters;
• exterminators and exterminators;
• members of expeditions;
• performers of survey tasks.

Also, vaccination is mandatory for owners of summer cottages and garden plots located in areas endemic for tick-borne encephalitis.

As for the concerns expressed, they usually turn out to be untenable. Indeed, after the tick-borne encephalitis vaccination has been delivered, a person bitten by an insect can get sick. However, the disease is very mild and does not have any negative effect on the body. Side effects or allergies are extremely rare and only when the basic requirements for vaccination have not been met. You will have to use other means of protection only during the period of development of immunity. The effectiveness of vaccinations is more than 95% with a guaranteed preservation of immunity for at least three years. Of course, provided that a drug that has passed the necessary research is used:

• Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine cultural, purified, concentrated, inactivated, dry (produced in the Russian Federation).
• EnceVir (produced in the Russian Federation).
• FSME-Immun Inject / Junior (produced in Austria).
• Entsepur Adult and Entsepur Children's (produced in Germany).

After the introduction of the vaccine, the body's immune system is trained, during which the ability to detect the presence of the virus is developed, and then to activate the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) to destroy it.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is allowed only in special institutions that have received a license to carry it out. This is due to the ability to ensure the correct storage of drugs with strict adherence to the cold chain. As a result of the lack of proper storage conditions, the use of vaccines will not bring any results and become dangerous to human health.

Mandatory conditions for vaccination

The key to successful vaccination is the fulfillment of a number of requirements, which allows using the drug without any consequences and with maximum efficiency:

• Undergo a medical examination to identify diseases included in the list of contraindications. The list of diseases for which vaccinations are contraindicated is indicated in the accompanying instructions.
• Visit a therapist directly on the day of vaccination. Those who want to skip this procedure need to know that without a certificate issued by a therapist, vaccination is impossible.
• Determine the time to complete the procedure. It is necessary to take into account the previously transferred diseases (vaccination is allowed no earlier than 30 days after complete recovery), the time of departure for rest or the beginning of the work indicated in the list of recommendations. The basis for early vaccination is the development of immunity within 45 days from the date of receipt of the vaccination (the standard scheme was used) or 28 days (the emergency scheme was used).
• Do not give several vaccinations at the same time.
• Strictly adhere to the established vaccination schedule.

The first question that interests people is the interchangeability of vaccines. The opinion of experts is unanimous: all approved drugs are interchangeable. Regardless of whether a domestic or foreign vaccine was used, the immunity will be persistent and will be able to withstand infection with any of the tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Therefore, the effectiveness of the vaccination procedure does not depend on the use of drugs of foreign or domestic production, but on strict adherence to the vaccination regimens.

Standard scheme

According to the standard scheme, vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is carried out in three stages. The first stage consists of two vaccinations. The interval between them is on average one month. Usually, for domestically produced drugs, the interval diagram looks like 0-1 (7) - (12) months, and for foreign analogues - 0-1 (3) -9 (12) months. The start of vaccination should be planned already in the cold season so that the procedure is completed about two weeks before the expected activation of encephalitis ticks. The next, second stage provides for the setting of the third vaccination twelve months after the administration of the second dose.

Emergency circuit

This option can be used when rapid development of immunity is required, especially if time was missed for vaccinations according to the standard scheme. According to the emergency option, the second dose of the drug is administered two weeks after the first vaccination.

The turn of the third procedure begins a year after receiving the second dose. Similar to using the standard regimen, immunity after the emergency regimen is strong enough to resist infection. The strengthening of immunity, after which revaccination is carried out only after three years, is facilitated by the introduction of the third dose of the drug. With revaccination, one vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is enough.

Vaccination of children

Most of the approved drugs (for example, children's vaccines FSME-Immun Junior, Encepur Children's) are allowed to be used for vaccinating children from the age of one year. However, in the case of young children under the age of three, the decision on vaccination should be made only by a pediatrician based on a thorough analysis of possible risks and objective benefits. In the event that the risk of infection after an insect bite is small, it is better to postpone vaccination until the age of three.

Additional precautions

In addition to possible side reactions, drugs designed to protect against tick-borne encephalitis have another significant disadvantage. They do not protect against tick bites. It is important to remember this, since vaccinations against ticks have not yet been developed, and each insect can cause infection, in addition to encephalitis, a number of other dangerous diseases. Therefore, even people vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis should take care of additional safety measures.

In spring and autumn, when the activity of forest ticks is very high, tick-borne encephalitis is often vaccinated. This disease poses a great danger to adults and children, since the causative agent of the disease affects the central nervous system. The consequence of this disease can be sciatica or persistent paralysis.

Vaccine administration

Encephalitis vaccination is not included in the national vaccination schedule. It is optional. The drug is administered at the request of the person himself. Vaccination refers to a specific type of preventive measures, because vaccines contain the genome of the causative agent of the disease. Despite this, they are safe and very effective.

Immunization does not always avoid the disease, but after administration it proceeds in a milder form and does not lead to serious complications. This is especially important for people living in regions endemic for this disease (Perm Territory, Kirov, Vologda, Kostroma, Tyumen, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk regions, the Republics of Bashkortostan and Komi).

It is recommended to vaccinate people who are interested in hunting, fishing and tourism. A tick bite is possible in the country, in the forest, parks and squares, during hiking. Many people think that living in large cities reduces the risk. In fact, this is not the case. Ticks are ubiquitous, and the bite of these arachnids is painless. A person may not be aware of the infection for a long time.

Types of vaccinations

Today there are a variety of vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis. There are domestic and foreign drugs. The most commonly used vaccines are:

• Encevir;
• Encepur;
• Tick-E-Vak;
• Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine.

These drugs are purified and inactivated, which reduces the risk of adverse reactions and complications. The maximum incidence rate occurs in the period from May to the end of June and from September to October. It is during this period that the vaccine must be administered. The vaccination schedule is determined by the doctor. It can be standard and accelerated.

Not everyone knows when to get vaccinated. When using cultured purified dry concentrated inactivated vaccine, 2 injections are made. The first is placed on the day appointed by the doctor, and the second after 5-7 months. This drug is suitable for children over 3 years of age. Encevir vaccine is suitable for adults. The scheme is somewhat different.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine Encepur is often used. It happens for children and adults. The drug for adults (people over 16 years old) is administered at intervals of 1-3 months. The vaccination schedule for children with Encepur for children does not differ from that for adults. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis can be given on an accelerated basis.

In this situation, the second injection is given 2 weeks after the first injection. Experienced doctors know when a revaccination should be arranged. After the first course, you need to wait 3 years. Each next injection is given at intervals of 3 years. If one revaccination was missed, then one repeated injection is given.

If the scheduled revaccination is missed twice for any reason, then the vaccination course must be repeated. If you follow the scheme, then a stable artificial immunity is formed. The delivered vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis does not mean that there is no need to be afraid of contact with ticks. When hiking in the forest, it is recommended to use various repellents and acaricides.

Indications and contraindications for the procedure

Application of various formulations

On the territory of our country, the following vaccines are most often used:

• Tick-E-Vak;
• Encevir;
• Encepur;
• FSME-Immun.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is often organized using Encevir. It is produced in the form of a suspension. The solution has a homogeneous structure. The suspension is transparent, white and without flakes. There are the following indications for the use of this vaccine:

• prevention of tick-borne encephalitis in people who work with live viral particles;
• immunization of persons who are donors with the aim of the formation of immunoglobulin;
• prevention of the disease in persons at risk (residents of endemic regions, agricultural workers, people working in the forest).

Allocate 2 schemes of immunization. In both cases, 3 vaccinations are given. The difference lies in the intervals between injections. With scheme 1, the interval between 1 and 2 vaccinations is 1-2 months, and between 2 and 3 - 1 year. With scheme 2, these values ​​correspond to 5-7 and 12 months, respectively. A single dose of the drug is 0.5 ml. Revaccination is required every 3 years.

The vaccine is given only 2 weeks after delivery. You cannot use it while carrying a baby. If this tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is used, side effects are general and local (skin) reactions. The body temperature may rise moderately. An analogue of the drug Encevir is the Mite-E-Vac vaccination. She can be child and adult.

Such immunization is organized for persons at high risk of infection and as a first aid in case of suspected tick bite. It is written above about whether it is worth getting vaccinated in the presence of serious illnesses. Tick-E-Vac is contraindicated in renal and hepatic failure, fever, collagenosis, chronic heart failure, thyrotoxicosis, circulatory disorders in the brain, tumors, blood diseases, epilepsy, allergies, asthma and pregnancy.

Complications after vaccination are rare. For persons over 6 years of age, the dose is 1 ml. Equally effective and in demand is the Encepur vaccine "which was developed in Germany. It can be used only from the age of 12. Thus, tick-borne encephalitis is a dangerous disease. To reduce the health risk, it is recommended to vaccinate.

The most dangerous seasons in terms of the frequency of tick attacks are the end of spring and summer. At this time, there is a peak in the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis, especially for regions where insects live in large numbers and are actively developing. Prevention of a dangerous disease involves the administration of vaccinations for adults and children. The tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is administered according to a specific scheme, while it is important to know in advance about possible side effects and contraindications.

What is tick-borne encephalitis vaccine

To date, tick vaccination is the only effective prevention against the deadly tick-borne encephalitis virus. Vaccines contain a dose of a weakened pathogen that is not dangerous for humans. After its introduction, the body begins to produce antibodies that recognize and quickly destroy the components of the virus. After that, the person develops immunity to encephalitis: the antibodies that remain in the body after the procedure persist for a long time and, when infected with the pathogen, promptly neutralize it.

The vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis is safe, therefore, it is impossible to become infected with the disease after vaccination, since the product contains dead forms of the virus. As a result of vaccination, 95% of people develop a stable immunity to pathology. Even in the case of multiple tick bites, the vaccinated in most cases will not get sick. Despite the insignificant risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis (5%), even with this outcome, it will be much easier for the vaccinated to develop pathology: without complications or serious health consequences.

Indications for use

Tick-borne prevention should be carried out by people living in areas with a forest landscape and a humid climate. In addition, indications for immunoglobulin injections are:

• planned trips to endemic areas (especially in summer and spring when ticks are at peak activity);
• work in the environmental sphere, on farms, logging, military bases;
• frequent hikes, hunting.

Is vaccination required

The virus, which is carried by the pincers, enters the human bloodstream after the insect has sucked. To prevent infection, adults and children need to prevent the disease in a timely manner. For this purpose, special serums are used, which are injected with a syringe. The procedure is recommended for people of all ages, but the effectiveness of vaccination will be high only if it is carried out at least a month before possible contact with a carrier of the virus.

Doctors recommend prophylactic vaccination of babies after one year of age. For this, a special imported baby serum is used against tick-borne encephalitis (Inject, Encepur, etc.). In this case, the drug is administered to young children, only in the case of a high risk of infection with the virus. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is prescribed by the doctor after assessing the baby's health.

When to vaccinate

According to the standard scheme, the vaccine is administered three times, at regular intervals. The first procedure is best done in the fall, the second vaccination is given 3-7 weeks later, and the final dose of the drug is administered a year after the start of vaccination. Thanks to this schedule, the effect of inactivated vaccines is maximally effective: the body forms immunity resistant to encephalitis, which should be renewed every three years.

If a person has an urgent trip to an endemic area, an emergency vaccination is carried out. Her scheme involves setting 2 vaccinations with an interval of 2-4 weeks. In this case, immunity is formed after 3-4 weeks, and with standard vaccination - after 1.5 months. For this reason, doctors strongly advise against vaccinating a patient who may face a disease vector in less than a month. To determine whether the introduction of immunoglobulins stimulated the development of immunity to encephalitis, you need to take a blood test after all procedures.

Vaccination schedule

A preventive procedure allows you to prevent the development of pathology after contact with its carrier. When should an adult, a child be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis? According to the instructions, vaccination against the tick-borne virus can be carried out according to two schemes - standard or accelerated.

The standard schedule for the introduction of an inactivated virus looks like this:

• dry purified tick-borne encephalitis vaccine - the first dose is administered at any time, the second - after 6-7 months;
• Encevir vaccine - the first vaccination is given at any time, revaccination is carried out after 5-6 months;
• Encepur adult - primary vaccination is carried out at any time, repeated - after 4-8 months;
• Inject Junior - the first vaccination is given on any day, the second - after 4-12 months.

Accelerated prevention of tick-borne encephalitis, in which vaccination is carried out quickly, looks like this:

• dry purified tick-borne encephalitis vaccine - the first dose is administered at any time, the second - after 2 months;
• Encevir vaccine - the first vaccination is given at any time, revaccination is carried out after 2 weeks;
• Encepur adult - primary vaccination is carried out at any time, repeated - after 1 week, the third - after 3 weeks;
• Inject Junior - the first vaccination is given on any day, the second - after 2 weeks.

4 types of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine

The choice of the drug is made by the patient himself, while using, as a rule, one of the imported or domestic vaccines listed below. The most popular remedies for the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis are:

1. Inactivated purified dry culture serum. The drug of domestic production can be used from 3 years of age and gives a guarantee of 80% for the production of immunoglobulins. Can be used simultaneously with live or inactivated agents. The interval between dosing should be at least 4 weeks. The main advantage of whey is its relatively low cost. In addition, the drug rarely produces side effects.
2. Encevir. The domestic vaccine gives a 90% guarantee for the development of immunity to encephalitis. Allowed for use by adults over 18 years of age. The drug fights against such viral strains as European and Far Eastern. In order to prevent the population, vaccination is carried out not only before the season of tick activity, but also according to an accelerated schedule. After the end of the vaccination, to consolidate the developed immunity, a revaccination is carried out in a year. Subsequent repeated preventive procedures are carried out every three years. The advantage of the drug is the absence of preservatives, antibiotics or formalin in the composition, making the product safe and easy to tolerate.
3. FSME-Immun Inject-Junior. The Australian vaccine is allowed for children from 8 months to 8 years old. The drug gives 98-100% guarantee of the formation of immunity to the virus. The product is available in a children's dosage - 0.25 ml in a syringe. Children at the age of 1-2 years are vaccinated intramuscularly into the outer part of the thigh, older children are injected into the antero-outer zone of the shoulder. The advantage of vaccination with this serum lies in the persistence of the developed immunity: the repeated vaccination should be carried out only after 3 years.
4. Encepur. The German drug gives a 99% guarantee of the formation of the body's defense against viral infection. The vaccine is well tolerated even by one-year-old children (this is the lower age threshold for this drug). The main advantage of the serum is its maximum reliability: it is almost impossible to get infected with encephalitis. In addition, among other imported vaccines, only Encepur does not give any side effects.

Basic rules for drug administration

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is given intramuscularly and in no case should the drug be administered intravenously. Vaccine manufacturers provide that before using the drug, the ampoule must be kept at a temperature of at least 20 degrees for 2 hours. To prevent the formation of foam, the product is drawn up with a needle with a wide channel. The opened ampoule cannot be stored. When carrying out urgent prophylaxis, the solution is first administered to previously unvaccinated people or to those who have a suspicion of infection with encephalitis.

Harm

In order not to become infected with encephalitis, it is strongly recommended to carry out preventive measures in a timely manner. As a rule, the vaccination against encephalitis is well tolerated by people, without any negative effects. Nevertheless, in about 5% of patients, allergic reactions are recorded in the form of a rash in the area of ​​serum injection. Some vaccinated people may have a rise in body temperature and a general deterioration in well-being. Such symptoms go away on their own after 1-2 days.

Contraindications

Vaccines against dangerous infections, including tick-borne encephalitis, have a number of contraindications. There are relative and absolute prohibitions for carrying out a preventive procedure. The former are temporary, and after their disappearance, patients are allowed to vaccinate. These include:

• pregnancy, lactation;
• infectious pathologies of the liver, kidneys;
• skin infections;
• temperature increase;
• ARVI.

Absolute contraindications are:

• tuberculosis;
• diabetes;
• congenital immunodeficiency;
• malignant tumors;
• epilepsy;
• chicken protein allergy;
• ischemia of blood vessels, heart;
• diseases of the circulatory system (chronic);
• endocrine diseases.

Side effects

Many viral drugs that are used for vaccination can cause unpleasant consequences. At the same time, imported solutions are less likely to stimulate side effects. Possible reactions of the body to the injected serum are:

• temperature increase;
• headache;
• swelling, redness at the puncture site;
• pain in muscles, joints, aches, stiffness;
• apathy, drowsiness;
• nausea, vomiting;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• absent-mindedness, fatigue;
• sleep disturbance;
• bowel disorder.

Do I need a vaccination after a tick bite?

Price

Many vaccination clinics offer special offers and discounts when ordering group immunizations. At the same time, despite the difference in price, imported and domestic whey have approximately the same effectiveness. The table below shows the cost of one dose of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine of different production (it should be borne in mind that the procedure involves several vaccinations).

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Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.